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We summarize the most important advances in RNA delivery and nanomedicine. We describe lipid nanoparticle-based RNA therapeutics and the impacts on the development of novel drugs. The fundamental properties of the key RNA members are described. We introduced recent advances in the nanoparticles to deliver RNA to defined targets, with a focus on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). We review recent advances in biomedical therapy based on RNA drug delivery and state-of-the-art RNA application platforms, including the treatment of different types of cancer. This review presents an overview of current LNPs based RNA therapies in cancer treatment and provides deep insight into the development of future nanomedicines sophisticatedly combining the unparalleled functions of RNA therapeutics and nanotechnology.
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Objective:To observe the effect of two different screening scales used by 120 dispatchers to early identify stroke patients and give telephone guidance for treatment.Methods:From October 2018 to August 2019, 2 027 stroke and suspect stroke patients who called the Kaifeng 120 Emergency Center were enrolled. The differences in the final positive rate of stroke diagnosis and the incidence of adverse events were compared and analyzed in 1 020 cases using recognition of stroke in the emergency room (ROSIER) and 1 007 cases using facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties and time (FAST) scale scores for telephone guidance.Results:The positive rate of stroke identification in ROSIER score group was higher than that in FAST score group [31.4% (320/1 020) vs. 29.3% (295/1 007)], the false report rate was significantly lower than that in FAST score group [14.9% (152/1 020) vs. 18.8% (189/1 007), P < 0.05], the incidence of adverse events caused by vomiting, falling from bed and convulsions in ROSIER score group were lower than those in FAST score group [0.5% (1/208) vs. 2.2% (4/185), 0% (0/26) vs. 20.0% (2/10), 2.1% (1/48) vs. 10.3% (3/29)], however, the incidence of adverse events caused by falling out of bed was significantly lower ( P < 0.05). The incidence of total adverse events in ROSIER score group was significantly lower than that in FAST score group [0.7% (2/305) vs. 3.8% (9/235), P < 0.05]. The time of FAST score group was shorter than that of ROSIER score group (minutes: 1.2±0.2 vs. 2.5±0.3), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:Two different scales can be used to early identify stroke patients and provide timely pre-hospital guidance, thus reduce the incidence of adverse events. Although the ROSIER score takes longer time, the dispatchers guide the patients by phone which does not affect the dispatch time.
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Objective@#To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced CT scans in differential diagnosis of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimal invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) in patients who manifested as ground glass nodules (GGNs) or mixed GGNs (mGGNs) in unenhanced CT imaging.@*Methods@#The unenhanced and enhanced CT images of 194 patients with GGNs in the lung were retrospectively analyzed, including 64 cases with pre-invasive lesions, 80 cases with MIA, and 50 cases with IAC. The prediction of pathological types was based on maximal diameters and the solid portions of the lesions displayed on unenhanced and enhanced CT images, and then compared with pathological diagnosis.@*Results@#In 64 patients with pre-invasive lesions, the CT value increased in 59 cases after contrast-enhanced administration, whereas the solid portions increased in 5 cases. In the 80 patients with MIA, solid portions increased in 50 cases and the CT value increased in 30 cases after contrast administration. In 50 cases with IAC, almost all of them showed increased solid portions, whereas only 2 cases showed an increase of CT values. In the pre-invasive group and the MIA group, the increase of CT values after contrast administration was (45.88±15.97) HU and (66.47±44.54) HU, respectively, showing statistically significant difference (P=0.001). The increase of solid portions in the MIA group and IAC group was (1.55±0.73) mm and (1.88±0.75) mm, respectively, also showing significant difference (P=0.032).@*Conclusion@#Contrast-enhanced CT scans were more useful than unenhanced CT scans for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinomas manifesting as GGNs .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the prognostic value of different models in patients with early-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Early-stage DLBCL patients diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received with at least 2 cycles of immunochemotherapy R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) with or without radiotherapy. The prognostic value of international prognostic index (IPI) , revised IPI (R-IPI) and enhanced IPI (NCCN-IPI) was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety-seven cases of early-stage DLBCL were included in the study. The median age was 58 years (15-88 years) with a median follow-up of 34.7 months (range 7.3-77.4 months). The expected 5-year overall survival (OS) for entire group was 82%. There was no patient in the high risk group according to IPI or NCCN-IPI. According to IPI, the 5-year OS in the low, low intermediate, high intermediate risk groups were 95%, 38% and 60%, respectively. According to R-IPI, the 5-year OS in the very good, good, and poor risk groups were 93%, 75% and 60%, respectively. According to NCCN-IPI, the 5-year OS in the low, low intermediate, high intermediate risk groups were 92%, 85% and 29%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NCCN-IPI would be of an ideal prognostic model for early-stage DLBCL patients.</p>